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Journal Article Review Ppublish 29 citations

PubMed: 32714512 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0018-0

What is the best diet for cardiovascular wellness? A comparison of different nutritional models.

Int J Obes Suppl 10(1):50-61

Authors: Silvia Migliaccio, Caterina Brasacchio, Francesca Pivari, Ciro Salzano, Luigi Barrea, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao

Affiliations

  • Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
  • Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
  • Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent to date the leading cause of mortality in both genders in the developed countries. In this context, a strong need for CVD prevention is emerging through lifestyle modification and nutrition. In fact, several studies linked CVD with unhealthy nutrition, alcohol consumption, stress, and smoking, together with a low level of physical activity. Thus, the primary aim is to prevent and reduce CVD risk factors, such as impaired lipid and glycemic profiles, high blood pressure and obesity. Different types of diet have been, therefore, established to optimize the approach regarding this issue such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH), vegetarian diet, ketogenic diet, and Japanese diet. Depending on the diet type, recommendations generally emphasize subjects to increase vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and pulses consumption, but discourage or recommend eliminating red meat, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages, along with processed foods that are high in sugar, salt, fat, or low in dietary fiber. In particular, we evaluated and compared the peculiar aspects of these well-known dietary patterns and, thus, this review evaluates the critical factors that increase CVD risk and the potential application and benefits of nutritional protocols to ameliorate dietary and lifestyle patterns for CVD prevention.

MeSH

Hypertension, Life Style, Sugars, Diet, Diet, Ketogenic, Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension

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