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Journal Article Review Epublish 11 citations

PubMed: 34512561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637554

Major Insights in Dynamics of Host Response to SARS-CoV-2: Impacts and Challenges.

Front Microbiol 12:637554

Authors: Al Hakim, Md Mahbub Hasan, Mahmudul Hasan, Syed Mohammad Lokman, Kazi Faizul Azim, Topu Raihan, Parveen Afroz Chowdhury, Abul Kalam Azad

Affiliations

  • Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  • Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, United Kingdom.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  • Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
  • Department of Dermatology, Sylhet Women's Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, is caused by the infection of highly transmissible species of a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of July 25, 2021, there are 194,372,584 cases and 4,167,937 deaths with high variability in clinical manifestations, disease burden, and post-disease complications among different people around the globe. Overall, COVID-19 is manifested as mild to moderate in almost 90% of the cases and only the rest 10% of the cases need hospitalization. However, patients with older age and those having different comorbidities have made worst the pandemic scenario. The variability of pathological consequences and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is associated with differential host-SARS-CoV-2 interactions, which are influenced by the factors that originated from the SARS-CoV-2 and the host. These factors usually include the genomic attributes and virulent factors of the SARS-CoV-2, the burden of coinfection with other viruses and bacteria, age and gender of the individuals, different comorbidities, immune suppressions/deficiency, genotypes of major histocompatibility complex, and blood group antigens and antibodies. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus, and Google relevant to clinical complications and pathogenesis of COVID-19 among people of different age, sex, and geographical locations; genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 including its variants, host response under different variables, and comorbidities to summarize the dynamics of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection; and host response toward approved vaccines and treatment strategies against COVID-19. After reviewing a large number of published articles covering different aspects of host response to SARS-CoV-2, it is clear that one aspect from one region is not working with the scenario same to others, as studies have been done separately with a very small number of cases from a particular area/region of a country. Importantly, to combat such a pandemic as COVID-19, a conclusive understanding of the disease dynamics is required. This review emphasizes on the identification of the factors influencing the dynamics of host responses to SARS-CoV-2 and offers a future perspective to explore the molecular insights of COVID-19.

MeSH

Infections, Comorbidity, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Coronavirus, Sars Virus, Pandemics, Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2

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