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Journal Article Epublish 10 citations

PubMed: 35251133 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.825652

Population Genetic Analysis of Mosquitoes From Sudan Revealed Recent Independent Colonization Events by the Two Subspecies.

Front Genet 13:825652

Authors: Mohammed-Ahmed B Elnour, Andrea Gloria-Soria, Rasha S Azrag, Abeer M Alkhaibari, Jeffrey R Powell, Bashir Salim

Affiliations

  • Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States.
  • Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
  • Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
  • Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Abstract

Increases in arbovirus outbreaks in Sudan are vectored by raising the medical importance of this mosquito. We genotyped 12 microsatellite loci in four populations of from Sudan, two from the East and two from the West, and analyzed them together with a previously published database of 31 worldwide populations to infer population structure and investigate the demographic history of this species in Sudan. Our results revealed the presence of two genetically distinct subspecies of in Sudan. These are in Eastern Sudan and in Western Sudan. Clustering analysis showed that mosquitoes from East Sudan are genetically homogeneous, while we found population substructure in West Sudan. In the global context our results indicate that Eastern Sudan populations are genetically closer to Asian and American populations, while Western Sudan populations are related to East and West African populations. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis supports a scenario in which entered Sudan in at least two independent occasions nearly 70-80 years ago. This study provides a baseline database that can be used to determine the likely origin of new introductions for this invasive species into Sudan. The presence of the two subspecies in the country should be consider when designing interventions, since they display different behaviors regarding epidemiologically relevant parameters, such as blood feeding preferences and ability to transmit disease.

MeSH

Genetics, Population, Microsatellite Repeats, Genetic Variation

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