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Journal Article Review Ppublish 9 citations

PubMed: 35304352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008173

Attention for sex in COVID-19 trials: a review of regulatory dossiers.

BMJ Glob Health 7(3)

Authors: Sieta T de Vries, Viktoriia Starokozhko, Ingrid M M Schellens, Leonoor Wijnans, Harald Enzmann, Marco Cavaleri, Peter G M Mol

Affiliations

  • Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
  • Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany.
  • European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
  • Scientific Advice Working Party, European Medicines Agency (EMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Abstract

An under-representation of women and a lack of sex-specific analyses in COVID-19 trials has been suggested. However, the higher number of men than women who are severely affected by COVID-19 and the restricted information in scientific publications may have biased these suggestions. Therefore, we evaluated sex proportionality and sex-specific efficacy and safety data in trials of COVID-19 treatments and vaccines using both publicly available regulatory documents and confidential documents used by regulators in their review of medicinal products. Included were two treatments (ie, remdesivir and dexamethasone) and four vaccines (ie, BNT162b2 mRNA (BioNTech/Pfizer), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) and Ad26.COV2-S (Janssen)) that received marketing authorisation by the European Commission at the time of the study conduct. An under-representation of women was shown in three of the nine data sets for one treatment (ie, remdesivir), but the proportion of women included was representative in each of the data sets for the other five products. This indicates that there is no structural under-representation of women in the COVID-19 trials. Currently, sex-specific efficacy data are available for five of the six assessed products and sex-specific safety data are available for half of the products only. It is important that this information will also be made available for the other products. There are only small differences in efficacy and safety between men and women which are likely to be of limited clinical relevance. Sex-specific efficacy information can generally be found in the publicly available regulatory documents other than the Summary of Product Characteristics, for which more awareness might be required.

MeSH

Safety, Vaccines, Global Health, Public Health, Covid-19, Sex, Therapeutics

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