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Journal Article Ppublish 6 citations

PubMed: 36029386 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06354-8

The value of EEG attenuation in the prediction of outcome in COVID-19 patients.

Neurol Sci 43(11):6159-6166

Authors: Lucio Marinelli, Irene Pappalardo, Chiara Robba, Laura Saitta, Corrado Cabona, Denise Battaglini, Monia Casaleggio, Anna Bellini, Alessandra Ferrari, Iole Brunetti, Flavio Villani

Affiliations

  • Department of Neuroscience Rehabilitation Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Largo Daneo 3, 16132, Genova, Italy.
  • IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Genova, Italy.
  • IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Genova, Italy.
  • IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Genova, Italy.
  • Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
  • IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Department of Neuroradiology, Genova, Italy.
  • Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

During the COVID-19 pandemic, electroencephalography (EEG) proved to be a useful tool to demonstrate brain involvement. Many studies reported non-reactive generalized slowing as the most frequent pattern and epileptiform activity in a minority of patients.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence of diffuse unreactive background attenuation or suppression and its correlation with outcome in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.

METHODS

The EEGs recorded during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were retrospectively evaluated to identify the main pattern and focus on the occurrence of a low-voltage background, either attenuated (10-20 μV) or suppressed (< 10 μV). We sought a correlation between in-hospital mortality and low-voltage EEG. In a subsample of patients, biomarkers of inflammation, hypoxemia and organ failure were collected. Brain imaging was also evaluated.

RESULTS

Among 98 EEG performed in 50 consecutive patients, diffuse unreactive slowing was the most prevalent pattern (54%), followed by unreactive attenuation or suppression pattern (26%), being the latter significantly correlated with an unfavourable outcome (p = 0.0004). Survivors showed significantly lower interleukine-6 values compared to non-survivors. Patients with attenuated EEG and non-survivors also showed lower PaO/FiO values. Neuroradiological findings were very heterogeneous with a prevalence of lesions suggestive of a microangiopathic substrate.

CONCLUSIONS

EEG attenuation or suppression may be more frequent than previously reported and significantly associated with a poor outcome. SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in encephalopathy and reduced EEG voltage through mechanisms that are still unknown but deserve attention given its negative impact on prognosis.

MeSH

Hospital Mortality, Covid-19, Prevalence, Neurosciences, Pandemics