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Publications

Journal Article Review Epublish 71 citations

PubMed: 36124445 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7762

SARS-CoV-2 infection and multi-organ system damage: A review.

Biomol Biomed 23(1):37-52

Authors: Ali A Rabaan, Samira Smajlović, Huseyin Tombuloglu, Sabahudin Ćordić, Azra Hajdarević, Nudžejma Kudić, Abbas Al Mutai, Safaa A Turkistani, Shamsah H Al-Ahmed, Nisreen A Al-Zaki, Mona J Al Marshood, Amal H Alfaraj, Saad Alhumaid, Ebtesam Al-Suhaimi

Affiliations

  • Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Saudi Arabia.
  • Laboratory Diagnostics Institute Dr. Dedić, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
  • Cantonal hospital "Dr. Irfan Ljubijankić", Microbiological laboratory, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International Burch University, Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
  • Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
  • Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Saudi Arabia.
  • Specialty Pediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
  • Pediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Saudi Arabia.
  • Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.
  • Biology Department, College of Science and Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, which has affected approximately six hundred million people globally as of August 2022. Organs and cells harboring angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) surface receptors are the primary targets of the virus. However, once it enters the body through the respiratory system, the virus can spread hematogenously to infect other body organs. Therefore, COVID-19 affects many organs, causing severe and long-term complications, even after the disease has ended, thus worsening the quality of life. Although it is known that the respiratory system is most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, many organs/systems are affected in the short and long term. Since the COVID-19 disease simultaneously affects many organs, redesigning diagnostic and therapy policies to fit the damaged organs is strongly recommended. Even though the pathophysiology of many problems the infection causes is unknown, the frequency of COVID-19 cases rises with age and the existence of preexisting symptoms. This study aims to update our knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection and multi-organ dysfunction interaction based on clinical and theoretical evidence. For this purpose, the study comprehensively elucidates the most recent studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple organs and systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, nervous, endocrine, reproductive, immune, and parts of the integumentary system. Understanding the range of atypical COVID-19 symptoms could improve disease surveillance, limit transmission, and avoid additional multi-organ-system problems.

MeSH

Infections, Biomedical Research, Respiratory System, Sars Virus, Multiple Chronic Conditions, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2

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