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Publications

Journal Article Review Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Ppublish 538 citations

PubMed: 36258120 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00787-6

Epidemiology and prevention of venous thromboembolism.

Nat Rev Cardiol 20(4):248-262

Authors: Pamela L Lutsey, Neil A Zakai

Affiliations

  • Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
  • Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
  • Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism, that consists of the interrelated conditions deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is an under-appreciated vascular disease. In Western regions, approximately 1 in 12 individuals will be diagnosed with venous thromboembolism in their lifetime. Rates of venous thromboembolism are lower in Asia, but data from other regions are sparse. Numerous risk factors for venous thromboembolism have been identified, which can be classified as acute or subacute triggers (provoking factors that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism) and basal or acquired risk factors (which can be modifiable or static). Approximately 20% of individuals who have a venous thromboembolism event die within 1 year (although often from the provoking condition), and complications are common among survivors. Fortunately, opportunities exist for primordial prevention (prevention of the development of underlying risk factors), primary prevention (management of risk factors among individuals at high risk of the condition) and secondary prevention (prevention of recurrent events) of venous thromboembolism. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism, including the incidence, risk factors, outcomes and opportunities for prevention. Meaningful health disparities exist in both the incidence and outcomes of venous thromboembolism. We also discuss these disparities as well as opportunities to reduce them.

MeSH

Epidemiology, Thromboembolism, Embolism, Incidence, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Venous Thromboembolism

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