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Journal Article Ppublish 12 citations

PubMed: 36447130 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28354

Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN).

J Med Virol 95(2):e28354

Authors: Seung Hyun Park, Sung Hwi Hong, Kwanghyun Kim, Seung Won Lee, Dong Keon Yon, Sun Jae Jung, Ziad Abdeen, Ramy Abou Ghayda, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim Ahmed, Abdulwahed Al Serouri, Waleed Al-Herz, Humaid O Al-Shamsi, Sheeza Ali, Kosar Ali, Oidov Baatarkhuu, Henning Bay Nielsen, Enrico Bernini-Carri, Anastasiia Bondarenko, Ayun Cassell, Akway Cham, Melvin L K Chua, Sufia Dadabhai, Tchin Darre, Hayk Davtyan, Elena Dragioti, Barbora East, Robert Jeffrey Edwards, Martina Ferioli, Tsvetoslav Georgiev, Lilian A Ghandour, Harapan Harapan, Po-Ren Hsueh, Saad I Mallah, Aamer Ikram, Shigeru Inoue, Louis Jacob, Slobodan M Janković, Umesh Jayarajah, Milos Jesenak, Pramath Kakodkar, Nathan Kapata, Yohannes Kebede, Yousef Khader, Meron Kifle, David Koh, Višnja Kokić Maleš, Katarzyna Kotfis, Ai Koyanagi, James-Paul Kretchy, Sulaiman Lakoh … and 56 other authors

Affiliations

  • Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Department of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
  • Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine.
  • Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
  • University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya & The Mauritanian Association for Scientific Research Development (AMDRS), Nouakchott, Mauritania.
  • Yemen Field Epidemiology Training Program, Yemen.
  • Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait.
  • Burjeel Cancer Institute, Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
  • School of Medicine, The Maldives National University, Male, Maldives.
  • University of Sulaimani College of Medicine, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
  • Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.
  • Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • European Centre for Disaster Medicine, Council of Europe (CEMEC), Strasbourg, France.
  • Department of Pediatrics, Immunology, Infectious and Rare Diseases, International European University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
  • John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America.
  • School of Medicine, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.
  • Department of Head and Neck and Thoracic Cancers, Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Oncology Academic Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
  • Department of Pathology, University of Lomé, Lome, Togo.
  • Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan, Armenia.
  • Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
  • 3rd Department of Surgery, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Medical Research Foundation of Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
  • First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
  • American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
  • Department of Microbiology, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
  • Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Al Sayh, Bahrain.
  • National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
  • Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
  • Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
  • Department of Pediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, University Teaching Hospital in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
  • National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland.
  • Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia.
  • Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
  • Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
  • Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Clinical Hospital Centre Split, University Department of Health Studies, University of Split, Croatia.
  • Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
  • Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, ICREA, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Public Health Unit, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, Accra, Ghana.
  • College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Abstract

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the world's most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.

MeSH

Incidence, Mortality, Virology, Masks, Quarantine, Research, Hygiene, Coronavirus, Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2

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