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Publications

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Epublish 5 citations

PubMed: 37187753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1187209

Live and inactivated activated nutritional immunity in Atlantic salmon ().

Front Immunol 14:1187209

Authors: Danixa Martínez, Ricardo Oyarzún-Salazar, Ana María Quilapi, José Coronado, Ricardo Enriquez, Carolina Vargas-Lagos, Cristian Oliver, Natacha Santibañez, Marcos Godoy, José Luis Muñoz, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Alex Romero

Affiliations

  • Laboratorio Institucional de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile.
  • Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
  • Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de la Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile.
  • Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Puerto Montt, Chile.
  • Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo i~mar, Universidad de los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile.
  • Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
  • Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
  • Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
  • Centro Fondap Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

Abstract

Nutritional immunity regulates the homeostasis of micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc at the systemic and cellular levels, preventing the invading microorganisms from gaining access and thereby limiting their growth. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activation of nutritional immunity in specimens of Atlantic salmon () that are intraperitoneally stimulated with both live and inactivated . The study used liver tissue and blood/plasma samples on days 3, 7, and 14 post-injections (dpi) for the analysis. Genetic material (DNA) of was detected in the liver tissue of fish stimulated with both live and inactivated at 14 dpi. Additionally, the hematocrit percentage decreased at 3 and 7 dpi in fish stimulated with live , unchanged in fish challenged with inactivated . On the other hand, plasma iron content decreased during the experimental course in fish stimulated with both live and inactivated , although this decrease was statistically significant only at 3 dpi. Regarding the immune-nutritional markers such as , , and were modulated in the two experimental conditions, compared to , , and , which were down-regulated in fish stimulated with live and inactivated during the course experimental. Finally, the intracellular iron content in the liver increased at 7 and 14 dpi in fish stimulated with live and inactivated , while the zinc content decreased at 14 dpi under both experimental conditions. However, stimulation with live and inactivated did not alter the manganese content in the fish. The results suggest that nutritional immunity does not distinguish between live and inactivated and elicits a similar immune response. Probably, this immune mechanism would be self-activated with the detection of PAMPs, instead of a sequestration and/or competition of micronutrients by the living microorganism.

MeSH

Immunity, Micronutrients, Immune System Diseases, Plasma, Liver, Tissues