Preprint Journal Article Epublish
PubMed: 37205338 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538955
Diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in pregnancy.
bioRxiv
Authors: Emily H Adhikari, Pei Lu, Ye Jin Kang, Ann R McDonald, Jessica E Pruszynski, Timothy A Bates, Savannah K McBride, Mila Trank-Greene, Fikadu G Tafesse, Lenette L Lu
Affiliations
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
- Parkland Health, Dallas TX.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR.
- Department of Immunology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
Abstract
Immunization in pregnancy is a critical tool that can be leveraged to protect the infant with an immature immune system but how vaccine-induced antibodies transfer to the placenta and protect the maternal-fetal dyad remains unclear. Here, we compare matched maternal-infant cord blood from individuals who in pregnancy received mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, were infected by SARS-CoV-2, or had the combination of these two immune exposures. We find that some but not all antibody neutralizing activities and Fc effector functions are enriched with vaccination compared to infection. Preferential transport to the fetus of Fc functions and not neutralization is observed. Immunization compared to infection enriches IgG1-mediated antibody functions with changes in antibody post-translational sialylation and fucosylation that impact fetal more than maternal antibody functional potency. Thus, vaccine enhanced antibody functional magnitude, potency and breadth in the fetus are driven more by antibody glycosylation and Fc effector functions compared to maternal responses, highlighting prenatal opportunities to safeguard newborns as SARS-CoV-2 becomes endemic.
MeSH
Pregnancy, Sars-Cov-2, Vaccines, Vaccination, Covid-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus, Fetus, Infections, Infant