Journal Article Ppublish 9 citations
PubMed: 37234103 DOI: 10.3390/atmos14040660
Examining the impact of dimethyl sulfide emissions on atmospheric sulfate over the continental U.S.
Atmosphere (Basel) 14(4):1-19
Authors: Golam Sarwar, Daiwen Kang, Barron H Henderson, Christian Hogrefe, Wyat Appel, Rohit Mathur
Affiliations
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Abstract
We examine the impact of dimethylsulfide (DMS) emissions on sulfate concentrations over the continental U.S. by using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.4 and performing annual simulations without and with DMS emissions for 2018. DMS emissions enhance sulfate not only over seawater but also over land, although to a lesser extent. On an annual basis, the inclusion of DMS emissions increase sulfate concentrations by 36% over seawater and 9% over land. The largest impacts over land occur in California, Oregon, Washington, and Florida, where the annual mean sulfate concentrations increase by ~25%. The increase in sulfate causes a decrease in nitrate concentration due to limited ammonia concentration especially over seawater and an increase in ammonium concentration with a net effect of increased inorganic particles. The largest sulfate enhancement occurs near the surface (over seawater) and the enhancement decreases with altitude, diminishing to 10-20% at an altitude of ~5 km. Seasonally, the largest enhancement of sulfate over seawater occurs in summer, and the lowest in winter. In contrast, the largest enhancements over land occur in spring and fall due to higher wind speeds that can transport more sulfate from seawater into land.
MeSH
Altitude, Seawater, Sulfides