Preprint Journal Article Epublish 4 citations
PubMed: 38105971 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570610
An epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation, racialized and economic inequities, and air pollution.
bioRxiv
Authors: Sarah Holmes Watkins, Christian Testa, Andrew J Simpkin, George Davey Smith, Brent Coull, Immaculata De Vivo, Kate Tilling, Pamela D Waterman, Jarvis T Chen, Ana V Diez-Roux, Nancy Krieger, Matthew Suderman, Caroline Relton
Affiliations
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA.
Abstract
Importance
DNA methylation (DNAm) provides a plausible mechanism by which adverse exposures become embodied and contribute to health inequities, due to its role in genome regulation and responsiveness to social and biophysical exposures tied to societal context. However, scant epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have included structural and lifecourse measures of exposure, especially in relation to structural discrimination.
Objective
Our study tests the hypothesis that DNAm is a mechanism by which racial discrimination, economic adversity, and air pollution become biologically embodied.
Design
A series of cross-sectional EWAS, conducted in My Body My Story (MBMS, biological specimens collected 2008-2010, DNAm assayed in 2021); and the Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; biological specimens collected 2010-2012, DNAm assayed in 2012-2013); using new georeferenced social exposure data for both studies (generated in 2022).
Setting
MBMS was recruited from four community health centers in Boston; MESA was recruited from four field sites in: Baltimore, MD; Forsyth County, NC; New York City, NY; and St. Paul, MN.
Participants
Two population-based samples of US-born Black non-Hispanic (Black NH), white non-Hispanic (white NH), and Hispanic individuals (MBMS; n=224 Black NH and 69 white NH) and (MESA; n=229 Black NH, n=555 white NH and n=191 Hispanic).
Exposures
Eight social exposures encompassing racial discrimination, economic adversity, and air pollution.
Main outcome
Genome-wide changes in DNAm, as measured using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip (MBMS; using frozen blood spots) and Illumina 450k BeadChip (MESA; using purified monocytes). Our hypothesis was formulated after data collection.
Results
We observed the strongest associations with traffic-related air pollution (measured via black carbon and nitrogen oxides exposure), with evidence from both studies suggesting that air pollution exposure may induce epigenetic changes related to inflammatory processes. We also found suggestive associations of DNAm variation with measures of structural racial discrimination (e.g., for Black NH participants, born in a Jim Crow state; adult exposure to racialized economic residential segregation) situated in genes with plausible links to effects on health.
Conclusions and Relevance
Overall, this work suggests that DNAm is a biological mechanism through which structural racism and air pollution become embodied and may lead to health inequities.
MeSH
Air Pollution, Genome, Air, Dna Methylation, Environmental Pollution, Epigenome, Racism