Journal Article Review Epublish 1 citation
PubMed: 38140641 DOI: 10.3390/v15122400
The Impact of Innate Components on Viral Pathogenesis in the Neurotropic Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model.
Viruses 15(12)
Authors: Brendan T Boylan, Mihyun Hwang, Cornelia C Bergmann
Affiliations
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
Abstract
Recognition of viruses invading the central nervous system (CNS) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is crucial to elicit early innate responses that stem dissemination. These innate responses comprise both type I interferon (IFN-I)-mediated defenses as well as signals recruiting leukocytes to control the infection. Focusing on insights from the neurotropic mouse CoV model, this review discusses how early IFN-I, fibroblast, and myeloid signals can influence protective anti-viral adaptive responses. Emphasis is placed on three main areas: the importance of coordinating the distinct capacities of resident CNS cells to induce and respond to IFN-I, the effects of select IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) on host immune responses versus viral control, and the contribution of fibroblast activation and myeloid cells in aiding the access of T cells to the parenchyma. By unraveling how the dysregulation of early innate components influences adaptive immunity and viral control, this review illustrates the combined effort of resident CNS cells to achieve viral control.
MeSH
Infections, Interferon Type I, Virology, Encephalomyelitis, Cells, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission, Adaptive Immunity, Fibroblasts, Coronavirus, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Meninges, Murine Hepatitis Virus