Journal Article Review Epublish 4 citations
PubMed: 38474303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053060
Oxy-Inflammation in Humans during Underwater Activities.
Int J Mol Sci 25(5)
Authors: Alessandra Vezzoli, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Andrea Brizzolari, Costantino Balestra, Enrico Maria Camporesi, Gerardo Bosco
Affiliations
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR-IFC), 20142 Milano, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium.
- Physical Activity Teaching Unit, Motor Sciences Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
- DAN Europe Research Division (Roseto-Brussels), 1160 Brussels, Belgium.
- TEAM Health Anaesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA.
Abstract
Underwater activities are characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidant mechanisms, which can be associated with an inflammatory response, depending on O availability. This review explores the oxidative stress mechanisms and related inflammation status (Oxy-Inflammation) in underwater activities such as breath-hold (BH) diving, Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) and Closed-Circuit Rebreather (CCR) diving, and saturation diving. Divers are exposed to hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions, amplified by environmental conditions, hyperbaric pressure, cold water, different types of breathing gases, and air/non-air mixtures. The "diving response", including physiological adaptation, cardiovascular stress, increased arterial blood pressure, peripheral vasoconstriction, altered blood gas values, and risk of bubble formation during decompression, are reported.
MeSH
Blood, Stress, Physiological, Oxidants, Air, Reactive Nitrogen Species, Diving
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