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Journal Article Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Ppublish 11 citations

PubMed: 39037553 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01779-x

Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus placebo in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Int J Clin Pharm 46(6):1268-1280

Authors: Ligang Liu, Hekai Shi, Merilyn Xie, Yuxiao Sun, Milap C Nahata

Affiliations

  • Institute of Therapeutic Innovations and Outcomes (ITIO), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
  • Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Fudan University Affiliated Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China.
  • St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
  • Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
  • Institute of Therapeutic Innovations and Outcomes (ITIO), College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave. Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
  • College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Tirzepatide was approved to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, but its efficacy and safety in patients without diabetes has not been investigated.

AIM

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide compared to placebo in overweight or obese patients without diabetes.

METHOD

PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched on January 18, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used tirzepatide in overweight or obese adults without diabetes were included. Efficacy outcomes included the proportion of participants achieving weight loss targets, changes in body weight (%), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP). Safety outcomes were commonly reported adverse events. Standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively.

RESULTS

Three RCTs with 3901 participants were included. Tirzepatide was associated with increased proportion of participants achieving weight loss targets, reduced body weight (SMD - 1.61, 95% CI - 2.20 to - 1.02), BMI (SMD - 2.13, 95% CI - 3.08 to - 1.18), WC (SMD - 0.91, 95% CI - 1.14 to - 0.69), and BP versus placebo. However, the risk of adverse events such as nausea (OR 4.26, 95% CI 2.60 to 3.81), vomiting (OR 8.35, 95% CI 5.19 to 13.45), and diarrhea (OR 3.57, 95% CI 2.80 to 4.57) was significantly higher for tirzepatide versus placebo.

CONCLUSION

Tirzepatide significantly reduced weight and improved metabolic markers among overweight or obese without diabetes. However, increased adverse events highlights the need for benefits versus risks assessment before initiation and continuous monitoring.

MeSH

Diabetes Mellitus, Safety, Drug Therapy, Drug-Related Side Effects And Adverse Reactions, Body Weight, Weight Loss, Overweight

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