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Journal Article Ppublish 1 citation

PubMed: 39093456 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-024-06464-9

Urine dipstick blood and acute kidney injury in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.

Pediatr Nephrol 39(12):3591-3596

Authors: Amy E Strong, Jarcy Zee, Benjamin L Laskin, Kathryn Howarth, Joshua Blinder, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, Daniella Levy Erez, Michelle R Denburg

Affiliations

  • Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA.
  • Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Division of Cardiology, Stanford Medicine Children's Health, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
  • Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
  • Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.
  • School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hemolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI). The study aim was to determine if urine dipstick blood in infants after CPB was associated with AKI and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).

METHODS

Infants who underwent CPB at a single center were enrolled prospectively between October 2017 and June 2019. Urine samples prior to CPB and 6 h after CPB cessation were analyzed in batch for NGAL and dipstick blood. AKI was defined using creatinine-based KDIGO criteria within 72 h of CPB. Spearman correlation examined associations between urine dipstick blood and NGAL at each time point. Linear regression estimated the associations between urine dipstick blood and log-transformed NGAL 6 h after CPB. Logistic regression estimated associations and compared discrimination between urine dipstick blood and NGAL for predicting AKI.

RESULTS

At baseline, 7/63 samples (11%) had > trace blood. Six hours after CPB, 62/98 samples (63%) had > trace blood and 26% had 3 + (large) blood. In total, 18/98 (18%) with a 6-h post-CPB sample had postoperative AKI. Urine dipstick blood values correlated with urine NGAL 6 h after CPB (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), but not at baseline (r = 0.06, p = 0.66). Those with 3 + (large) blood on urine dipstick had 6 times higher mean NGAL values compared to those with negative/trace blood (mean ratio 6.6, 95%CI 3.1-14.4, p < 0.01). Those with 3 + (large) blood had 8 times higher odds of AKI (OR 7.99, 95%CI 1.5-41.9, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Urine dipstick blood post CPB may be a simple and inexpensive tool to help predict AKI in infants.

MeSH

Kidney Diseases, Blood, Lipocalin-2, Kidney, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Acute Kidney Injury, Infant