Journal Article Ppublish 9 citations
PubMed: 39526321 DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.124.037381
Burden of Hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Mortality, and COVID-19: A Retrospective-Cohort Analysis of US Data.
J Am Heart Assoc 14(5):e037381
Authors: Hoang Nhat Pham, Ramzi Ibrahim, Enkhtsogt Sainbayar, April Olson, Amitoj Singh, Mohammed Y Khanji, Justin Lee, Virend K Somers, Christopher Wenger, C Anwar A Chahal, Mamas A Mamas
Affiliations
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Tucson Tucson AZ USA.
- Newham University Hospital and Barts Heart Centre London United Kingdom. William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA.
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases WellSpan Health York PA USA.
- William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA. Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases WellSpan Health York PA USA. Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre London United Kingdom.
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group Keele University Stoke-On-Trent United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Hyperlipidemia is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, but there are limited data on its mortality trends in CVD over time. We assessed annual hyperlipidemia-related CVD mortality trends in the United States, including the COVID-19 pandemic's impact.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention repository between 1999 and 2020 among patients ≥15 years old, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for hyperlipidemia (E78.0-E78.5) and CVD (I00-I99). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1 000 000 population were standardized to the 2000 US population. Log-linear regression models were used to evaluate mortality shifts. Average annual percentage change from 1999 to 2019 was used to project 2020 AAMRs, estimating pandemic-attributed excess deaths. From 1999 to 2020, 483 155 hyperlipidemia-related CVD deaths occurred. Despite a general CVD mortality decline, hyperlipidemia-related CVD AAMRs rose from 36.33 in 1999 to 99.77 in 2019. Ischemic heart diseases (AAMR 49.39) were the leading cause, whereas hypertension had the highest mortality increase (average annual percentage change +10.23%). Mortality rates were higher in men (AAMR 104.87) and non-Hispanic (AAMR 82.49), and rural populations (AAMR 89.98). Highest mortality was observed in Black populations (AAMR 84.35), those ≥75 years old (AAMR 646.45), and Western US regions (AAMR 96.88). During the first pandemic year, deaths exceeded projections by 10.55%, with notable increases among ages 35 to 75 (14.23%), Hispanic (17.96%), Black (14.82%), and urban (11.68%) groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Hyperlipidemia-related CVD mortality has risen over the past 2 decades, further heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher impact on men, Black Americans, the older population, and rural residents. Further study is needed to understand contributing factors and mitigate disparities.
MeSH
Mortality, Hyperlipidemias, Heart Diseases, Covid-19, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, U.S., Pandemics