System Maintenance Notice

Please note that maintenance work is scheduled between 4 AM and 5 AM - CET. During this time, you may experience reduced performance. Thanks for your patience.

Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 39558250 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03959-8

Cognitive impact and brain structural changes in long COVID patients: a cross-sectional MRI study two years post infection in a cohort from Argentina.

BMC Neurol 24(1):450

Authors: Sol A Cataldo, Andrea Micciulli, Laura Margulis, Melina Cibeyra, Sabrina Defeo, Silvina G Horovitz, Analía Martino, Raul Melano, Milagros Mena, Francisco Parisi, Diego Santoro, Florencia Sarmiento, Martin A Belzunce

Affiliations

  • Centro Universitario de Imágenes Médicas (CEUNIM), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo 901, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Unidad de Neuropsicología, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Unidad de Neuropsicología, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina. Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
  • Escuela de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI UNSAM-CONICET), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Centro Universitario de Imágenes Médicas (CEUNIM), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo 901, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences (CEMSC3), Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (ICIFI UNSAM-CONICET), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina.
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Godoy Cruz, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Long COVID is a condition characterised by persistent symptoms after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, with neurological manifestations being particularly frequent. Existing research suggests that long COVID patients not only report cognitive symptoms but also exhibit measurable cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging studies have identified structural alterations in brain regions linked to cognitive functions. However, most of these studies have focused on patients within months of their initial infection. This study aims to explore the longer-term cognitive effects and brain structural changes in long COVID patients, approximately two years post-infection, in a cohort from San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 137 participants: 109 with long COVID symptoms and 28 healthy controls. The participants underwent an initial clinical assessment, completed a structured questionnaire and standardised scales, underwent a cognitive assessment, and had a brain MRI scan. Structural MRI images were processed via FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain volumetric measures for subcortical and cortical regions, along with regional cortical thickness. Differences between groups for these variables were analysed using ANCOVA, with permutation tests applied to correct for multiple comparisons.

RESULTS

Long COVID patients reported persistent cognitive symptoms such as memory problems and brain fog, with higher levels of fatigue and reduced quality of life compared to controls. Despite subjective cognitive complaints, cognitive tests did not reveal significant differences between groups, except for the TMT-A (p = 0.05). MRI analysis revealed decreased volume in the cerebellum (p = 0.03), lingual gyrus (p = 0.04), and inferior parietal regions (p = 0.03), and reduced cortical thickness in several areas, including the left and right postcentral gyri (p = 0.02, p = 0.03) and precuneus (p = 0.01, p = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the enduring impact of long COVID on quality of life and physical activity, with specific brain structural changes identified two years post-infection. Although cognitive tests did not show clear impairment, the observed brain atrophy and significant reduction in quality of life emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions and further longitudinal studies to understand the long-term effects of long COVID on cognition and brain health.

MeSH

Quality Of Life, Neurobehavioral Manifestations, Brain, Signs And Symptoms, Nervous System Diseases, Cognition, Infections, Post-Acute Covid-19 Syndrome

Cited by