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Journal Article Systematic Review Epublish 3 citations

PubMed: 39599660 DOI: 10.3390/nu16223873

Effect of Different Dietary Patterns on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Nutrients 16(22)

Authors: Christina A Chatzi, Athanasios Basios, Georgios Markozannes, Evangelia E Ntzani, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Kyriakos Kazakos, Aris P Agouridis, Fotios Barkas, Maria Pappa, Niki Katsiki, Evangelos C Rizos

Affiliations

  • Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
  • Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
  • Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
  • Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus.
  • Department of Internal Medicine, German Oncology Center, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus.
  • Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
  • Department of Rheumatology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece.
  • Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Lifestyle interventions such as dietary changes have been proposed to control the cardiometabolic risk factors and thus prevent cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD). We performed an umbrella review to investigate whether different dietary patterns affect CV risk in individuals with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) but not established CVD.

METHODS

We systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases (up to August 2024) for the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Articles should be written in English and refer to a specific dietary pattern (such as Mediterranean diet, etc.). The population studied referred to adults with at least one cardiovascular (CV) risk factor.

RESULTS

From 4512 records identified, we finally included 25 meta-analyses with a total of 329 associations. Strong evidence for a benefit was found for LCD with reductions in BW [MD: -4.79 (95% CI -5.85, -3.72) kg, p ≤ 0.001], SBP [MD: -6.38 (95% CI -7.84, -4.93) mmHg, p ≤ 0.001], TG [WMD: -5.81 (95% CI -7.96, -3.66) mg/dL, p ≤ 0.001], and fasting plasma insulin [MD: -15.35 (95% CI -19.58, -11.12) pmol/L, p ≤ 0.001], as well as for low-GI diet for the reduction of BW [SMD: -0.66 (95% CI -0.90, -0.43) kg, p ≤ 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS

Across many dietary patterns, LCD showed strong or highly suggestive evidence for a benefit on SBP, BW reduction, and lipid profile improvement. Secondarily, low-GI, DASH, and Portfolio and Nordic diets suggested beneficial effects on controlling CV risk.

MeSH

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Diet, Food, Risk Factors, Dietary Patterns

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