Journal Article Review Epublish 2 citations
PubMed: 39659608 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra07114j
Advancements in nanotechnology-driven photodynamic and photothermal therapies: mechanistic insights and synergistic approaches for cancer treatment.
RSC Adv 14(52):38952-38995
Authors: S Sameera Shabnum, R Siranjeevi, C Krishna Raj, A Saravanan, A S Vickram, Hitesh Chopra, Tabarak Malik
Affiliations
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai-602105 Tamil Nadu India.
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Chennai-602105 Tamil Nadu India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai-602105 Tamil Nadu India.
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University Rajpura 140401 Punjab India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University 378 Jimma Ethiopia.
- Division of Research & Development, Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144411 India.
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that involves uncontrolled cell division triggered by genetic damage to the genes that control cell growth and division. Cancer starts as a localized illness, but subsequently spreads to other areas in the human body (metastasis), making it incurable. Cancer is the second most prevalent cause of mortality worldwide. Every year, almost ten million individuals get diagnosed with cancer. Although different cancer treatment options exist, such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and immunotherapy, their clinical efficacy is limited due to their significant side effects. New cancer treatment options, such as phototherapy, which employs light for the treatment of cancer, have sparked a growing fascination in the cancer research community. Phototherapies are classified into two types: photodynamic treatment (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). PDT necessitates the use of a photosensitizing chemical and exposure to light at a certain wavelength. Photodynamic treatment (PDT) is primarily based on the creation of singlet oxygen by the stimulation of a photosensitizer, which is then used to kill tumor cells. PDT can be used to treat a variety of malignancies. On the other hand, PTT employs a photothermal molecule that activates and destroys cancer cells at the longer wavelengths of light, making it less energetic and hence less hazardous to other cells and tissues. While PTT is a better alternative to standard cancer therapy, in some irradiation circumstances, it can cause cellular necrosis, which results in pro-inflammatory reactions that can be harmful to therapeutic effectiveness. Latest research has revealed that PTT may be adjusted to produce apoptosis instead of necrosis, which is attractive since apoptosis reduces the inflammatory response.
MeSH
Cells, Neoplasms, Photothermal Therapy, Phototherapy, Necrosis, Research, Therapeutics, Apoptosis, Nanotechnology