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Publications

Journal Article Epublish 1 citation

PubMed: 39849939 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.15.04024

Age- and sex-specific care cascades to detect gaps in the care of children with tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a cohort study.

J Glob Health 15:04024

Authors: Daniel Ramirez, Amanda Brumwell, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Farzana Hossain, Suchitra Kulkarni, Amyn A Malik, Jeffrey I Campbell, Brittney J van de Water, Md Kamruzzaman Kamul, Md Toufiq Rahman, Hamidah Hussain, Jacob Creswell, Tapash Roy, Meredith B Brooks

Affiliations

  • Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
  • Interactive Research and Development Bangladesh (IRD Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
  • IRD Global, Singapore.
  • O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
  • Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Bangladesh Shishu Hospital and Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Innovations and Grants, Stop TB Partnership, Geneva, Switzerland.

Abstract

Background

Programmatic interventions to increase the detection of children with tuberculosis (TB) are rarely evaluated to understand age- and sex-specific completion rates. We applied modified TB screening and treatment cascade frameworks to assess indicators of effective implementation by age and sex of a TB screening program for children (zero to 14 years) in Bangladesh.

Methods

We implemented an intensified screening program for paediatric TB detection in 119 health care facilities (2018-21). We followed systematic verbal screening by referral for full evaluation for children who reported symptoms or contact history with a patient with TB. Further, we linked children to treatment if diagnosed and followed for outcomes. We calculated the percentage of children, by age and sex, progressing through each step of the care cascade and compared the frequency of step completion by sex using χ 2 tests.

Results

In total, we screened 552 182 males and 461 419 females for TB. 2.8% of males and 2.6% of females screened positive (P < 0.001). 74.2% of males and 73.9% of females underwent appropriate evaluation (P = 0.560). 10.3% of males and 11.5% of females were diagnosed with TB (P = 0.008). 100% of children initiated treatment, and 97.6% of males and 97.1% of females achieved a successful treatment outcome (P = 0.428). The percent of children screening positive on verbal screen, who were clinically evaluated for TB, and who were diagnosed with TB generally increased with age, with some variability throughout (ranges: 1.2-9.1%, 59.8-88.5%, 6.5-21.9%, respectively).

Conclusions

The largest gap observed for both sexes and among all ages was children who were not appropriately evaluated for TB despite screening positive. In our research, we highlight the value of identifying gaps in paediatric TB care to inform innovative, age- and sex-tailored interventions to improve future care in children.

MeSH

Global Health, Cohort Studies, Tuberculosis, Sex, Therapeutics, Child

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