Journal Article Review Epublish 10 citations
PubMed: 39916927 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1163562
Innovative biomaterials for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Front Dent Med 4:1163562
Authors: Yi Zhu, Chen Tao, Cynthia Goh, Annie Shrestha
Affiliations
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomaterial Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Dentistry, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease that involves the destruction of hard and soft tissues surrounding the tooth. Routine periodontal treatment includes mechanical debridement (surgical and non-surgical) and the systemic administration of antibiotics. In contrast, severe and chronic periodontitis involves aggressive tissue destruction and bone resorption, and the damage is usually irreversible. In these severe cases, bone grafts, the delivery of growth hormones, and guided tissue regeneration can all be used to stimulate periodontal regeneration. However, these approaches do not result in consistent and predictable treatment outcomes. As a result, advanced biomaterials have evolved as an adjunctive approach to improve clinical performance. These novel biomaterials are designed to either prolong the release of antibacterial agents or osteogenic molecules, or to act as immunomodulators to promote healing. The first half of this review briefly summarizes the key immune cells and their underlying cellular pathways implicated in periodontitis. Advanced biomaterials designed to promote periodontal regeneration will be highlighted in the second half. Finally, the limitations of the current experimental design and the challenges of translational science will be discussed.
MeSH
Biocompatible Materials, Periodontal Diseases, Bone Regeneration, Therapeutics, Tissues, Periodontitis