System Maintenance Notice

Please note that maintenance work is scheduled between 4 AM and 5 AM - CET. During this time, you may experience reduced performance. Thanks for your patience.

Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 39925806 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1499074

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus: clinical characteristics and risk factors.

Front Immunol 16:1499074

Authors: Mei Zhan, Qinran Long, Jinhan He, Litao Huang, Bin Wu, Haixia Xu, Li Mo, Ting Xu

Affiliations

  • Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
  • Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Abstract

Background

Emerging evidence indicates that immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diabetes mellitus (ICI-DM) might be more common than initially reported, and more different clinical pictures associated with ICI-DM were described.

Objective

The aim of our study was to identify the clinical characteristics and possible predictive factors of ICI-DM.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) at West China Hospital, Sichuan University until June 2023. Patients were reviewed at death or on 7 May 2024. We applied logistic regression to study the associations between clinical characteristics and ICI-DM.

Results

Our study included 8,199 participants who received ICI between October 2014 and June 2023. Among them, 1,077 patients (13.14%) developed ICI-DM according to diagnostic criteria based on guidelines. By excluding patients influenced by glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, ICI-DM was observed in 713 of 8,199 (8.70%) patients. In all patients, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, using glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants, lung cancer, and using more than one pathway of ICI were associated with a higher risk of ICI-DM. However, the risk factors for ICI-DM in patients without the influence of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants were only hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and pancreatic lesions. In all patients and those patients without the influence of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, hypertension and hyperlipidemia may increase the risk for ICI-DM.

Conclusions

This large, real-world cohort demonstrates that the incidence of ICI-DM may be underestimated in previous literature. Blood glucose monitoring is needed in patients receiving ICI therapy.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300075974.

MeSH

Diabetes Mellitus, Glucocorticoids, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemias, Neoplasms, Immunosuppressive Agents, Immunotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Immune System Diseases, Risk Factors