Journal Article Systematic Review Ppublish
PubMed: 40084919 DOI: 10.1111/all.16526
The Omics Landscape of Long COVID-A Comprehensive Systematic Review to Advance Biomarker, Target and Drug Discovery.
Allergy 80(4):932-948
Authors: Nadia Baalbaki, Elise M A Slob, Samuel W Kazer, Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz, Harm Jan Bogaard, Korneliusz Golebski, Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
Affiliations
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, the Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
An estimated 10% of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors suffer from persisting symptoms referred to as long COVID (LC), a condition for which approved treatment options are still lacking. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024499281) aimed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying LC and potential treatable traits across symptom-based phenotypes. We included studies with primary data, written in English, focusing on omics analyses of human samples from LC patients with persistent symptoms of at least 3 months. Our search in PubMed and Embase, conducted on January 8, 2024, identified 642 studies, of which 29 met the inclusion criteria after full-text assessment. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool. The synthesis of omics data, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics, revealed common findings associated with fatigue, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, and gastrointestinal phenotypes. Key findings included mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated microRNAs associated with pulmonary dysfunction, tissue impairment, blood-brain barrier disruption, coagulopathy, vascular dysfunction, microbiome disturbances, microbial-derived metabolite production and persistent inflammation. Limitations include cross-study heterogeneity and variability in sampling methods. Our review emphasizes the complexity of LC and the need for further longitudinal omics-integrated studies to advance the development of biomarkers and targeted treatments.
MeSH
Drug Discovery, Genomics, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Hypersensitivity, Phenotype, Biomarkers, Signs And Symptoms, Therapeutics, Post-Acute Covid-19 Syndrome