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Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 40124365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1435873

Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.

Front Immunol 16:1435873

Authors: Samaneh Tokhanbigli, Samira Salami Ghaleh, Karim Rahimian, Mohammadamin Mahmanzar, Saleha Bayat, Shahrzad Ahangarzadeh, Bahman Moradi, Reza Mahmanzar, Yunliang Wang, Brian Gregory George Oliver, Youping Deng

Affiliations

  • School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
  • Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
  • Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
  • Department of Biology and Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
  • Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
  • Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
  • Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
  • Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
  • Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Abstract

In line with encountering the world with the emergence of vaccine-resistance variants of SARS-CoV-2, 15,669,529 samples that received COVID-19 vaccines until April 2023 were investigated as two doses in the first phase and booster vaccinations in the second phase. The analysis shows that D614G and P681 mutations occurred in both phases. The E484 and Y655 mutations significantly emerged during the second phase. The 762-889 and 254-381 regions are revealed as conserved parts and could be considered in vaccine design. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant reduction in single mutations between populations with 20%-50% and those with 70%-100% vaccination coverage (p=0.017). The Mann-Whitney U test proposes a link between vaccination and suppression of viral mutation rates. Dynamic modeling suggests that key mutations have facilitated the virus' evolution and immune escape. The study's findings are crucial for understanding virus genome mutations, especially E614 and P681 in Delta and E484 and H655 in Omicron. This highlights the need to adjust strategies and strengthen global efforts in combating the pandemic.

MeSH

Sars-Cov-2, Vaccines, Vaccination, Covid-19, Immune System Diseases, Viruses, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus, Mutation, Vaccine Efficacy