Abstract

BACKGROUND

Power outages are common. They can result in exposure to extreme temperatures by shutting off temperature-controlling devices, and thereby also cause stress. Consequently, outages may precipitate cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related hospitalizations. We assessed this relationship among older adults.

METHODS

We leveraged 2017-2018 data from 245,452 New York State Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries (65+ years) with 390,530 CVD hospitalizations. Using NY Department of Public Services data, we calculated total hours without power 1 day, 1-2 days, and 1-3 days before case and control periods, with an outage ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-hour defined based on ≥10% of customers in a ZCTA-hour without power in primary analyses. We used a case-crossover study design and ran conditional logistic regression to assess associations separately within each urbanicity level: New York City (NYC), non-NYC urban, and rural areas. We additionally stratified models by warm versus cool season, individual-level age and sex, and ZCTA-level socioeconomic factors. Secondarily, we considered emergency (n = 298,910) and nonemergency hospitalizations separately.

RESULTS

We generally observed null associations between power outages and all CVD hospitalizations across New York State and within subgroups. For example, in NYC, we observed a rate ratio of 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.85, 1.30) for each additional power outage hour 1 day prior.

CONCLUSIONS

The case-crossover design we used eliminated time-fixed confounding, but there were a limited number of exposed cases, limiting statistical power. Future studies should investigate co-occurring severe weather, span additional years, and evaluate other and broader geographic areas.

MeSH

Epidemiology, Hospitalization, Emergencies, Fee-For-Service Plans, Medicare, Temperature

Cited by

• Assessing bias in measuring power outage exposure with simulations. Environ Epidemiol, 2025