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Journal Article Meta-Analysis Epublish

PubMed: 40147926 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2411.11059

A Meta-Analysis on the Immunogenicity of Homologous versus Heterologous Immunization Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 VoCs in Healthy Adults.

J Microbiol Biotechnol 35:e2411059

Authors: Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou, Abdul A Kamara, Nadeem Ullah, Qing Lei, Xiong-Lin Fan

Affiliations

  • Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.
  • Department of Mathematica and Statistics, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone.
  • Department of Clinical Microbiology, UmeÃ¥ University 90187, UmeÃ¥, Sweden.
  • Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.

Abstract

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has not stopped evolving, leading to the emergence of variants of concern (VoCs) involved in significant immune escape. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of different prime-boost vaccination regimens against SARS-CoV-2 wildtype (WT) and its Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 VoCs. We used 5 databases to retrieve publications and random-effect models to estimate pooled neutralization titers. We included 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 non-RCTs, 10 prime-boost vaccination regimens, and 4598 subjects. We found neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 decreased with virus evolution. The heterologous immunization was more effective. The increase in neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 VoCs after heterologous immunization was 1.41(95%CI:0.82-2.01), 0.90(95%CI:0.39-1.41), 1.23 (95%CI: 0.81-1.65), and 1.32 (95%CI: 0.99-1.65), respectively. Furthermore, the booster dose of viral vector vaccine did not show a higher increase in neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 WT(MD=0.48; 95%CI:-1.12-1.09), Beta (MD=0.20; 95%CI:-0.26-0.67), Delta (MD=0.35; 95%CI:-0.09-0.79), and Omicron BA.1 (MD=0.38; 95%CI:-0.14-0.89) VoCs. The combination of inactivated-recombinant protein vaccines showed a higher increase in neutralization titers (Beta: MD=1.88 and Delta: MD=1.70) than other combinations of vaccines. However, only a combination of mRNA-viral vector vaccines showed a higher increase in neutralization titers (MD:1.52; 95%CI:0.34-2.70) against Omicron BA.1 VoC. Interestingly, the viral vector-mRNA immunization regimen appears better compared to mRNA-viral vector regimen, especially against Beta and Delta VoCs. Overall, the type of combination followed by the order of administration of COVID-19 vaccines could be a potential vaccine strategy against the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

MeSH

Sars-Cov-2, Immunization, Vaccines, Microbiology, Vaccination, Biotechnology, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus

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