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Publications

Journal Article Ppublish

PubMed: 40159695 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.70058

Genetic diversity and adaptive evolutionary history of Sapindus in China: insights from whole-genome resequencing of 100 representative individuals.

Plant Biotechnol J 23(7):2485-2500

Authors: Jiming Liu, Guochun Zhao, Yulin Zheng, Yuanyuan Xu, Mianzhi Wang, Lu Li, Caowen Sun, Qiuyang He, Rami-Petteri Apuli, Joan Jing Yi Jong, Jia Jun Ngiam, Andrey Vaulin, Roy Jun Kai Tham, Liming Jia, Zhong Chen, Jarkko Salojärvi

Affiliations

  • State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
  • State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
  • State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
  • National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
  • State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. National Energy R&D Center for Non-Food Biomass, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China. China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.
  • School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
  • Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
  • Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Abstract

Sapindus is an important forest tree genus with utility in biodiesel, biomedicine, biochemistry and forestry. Similar to many perennial crop plants, its breeding is hampered by long generation times and lack of genetic resources. To understand the genome evolution underlying the important bioeconomic traits, we carried out a common garden experiment with 100 Sapindus core germplasm individuals representing three endemic species and 60 populations sampled throughout China. Whole genome sequencing identified a split into six populations according to species and geography. The previously uncharacterized S. delavayi and S. rarak are diploid species, and here we propose hypotheses for their speciation. Selective sweeps suggested stress responses as well as alleles of the genes CYP716A, CAMTA and HD-ZIP involved in triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis to have been under selection in natural populations, while genome-wide association analysis revealed several homologues of fatty acid biosynthesis genes to be associated with kernel fatty acid quality. Our findings elucidate the genetic structure of Sapindus in China, provide target loci for selection and suggest cultivar materials for genetic improvement.

MeSH

Genetic Variation, Genes, Genome, Biotechnology, Genetic Structures, History, Forests, Fatty Acids