Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40176804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1554028
Iron and energy metabolic interactions in Treg-mediated immune regulation.
Front Immunol 16:1554028
Authors: Frédérique Savagner, Thomas Farge, Zoubida Karim, Meryem Aloulou
Affiliations
- Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Inserm U1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Genetic and Hormonal Department, Federative Institute of Biology, Academic Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France. Inserm U1297, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Toulouse, France.
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
Abstract
Immunometabolism, the study of how metabolic processes influence immune cell function, has emerged as a critical field in understanding the regulation of immune tolerance and the pathological mechanisms underlying autoimmune diseases. Intracellular metabolic pathways not only provide the necessary energy for immune cell survival and activity but also shape the differentiation, phenotype, proliferation, and effector functions of immune cells. This is particularly evident in CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), which are pivotal for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune reactions. Strong experimental evidence highlights the profound impact of metabolism on Treg. Their anti-inflammatory function and ability to suppress excessive immune responses depend on the integration of metabolic cues with their transcriptional and signaling networks. Iron metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics are among the key factors influencing Treg function. This review focuses on how iron and mitochondrial metabolism shape Treg biology and function.
MeSH
Cells, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mitochondria, Immune System Diseases