Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40217595 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14072144
A Multidisciplinary Approach of Type 1 Diabetes: The Intersection of Technology, Immunotherapy, and Personalized Medicine.
J Clin Med 14(7)
Authors: Denisa Batir-Marin, Claudia Simona Ștefan, Monica Boev, Gabriela Gurău, Gabriel Valeriu Popa, Mădălina Nicoleta Matei, Maria Ursu, Aurel Nechita, Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
Affiliations
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, 800008 Galati, Romania.
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, 800008 Galati, Romania.
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, 800008 Galati, Romania.
- Clinic Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital "Sf. Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania.
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Galați, "Dunărea de Jos" University, 800008 Galati, Romania.
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunărea de Jos" University, 800008 Galati, Romania.
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Despite advancements in insulin therapy and glucose monitoring, achieving optimal glycemic control remains a challenge. Emerging technologies and novel therapeutic strategies are transforming the landscape of T1D management, offering new opportunities for improved outcomes. This review synthesizes recent advancements in T1D treatment, focusing on innovations in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), automated insulin delivery systems, smart insulin formulations, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI). Additionally, we explore biomedical approaches such as stem cell therapy, gene editing, immunotherapy, gut microbiota modulation, nanomedicine-based interventions, and trace element-based therapies. Advances in digital health, including CGM integration with hybrid closed-loop insulin pumps and AI-driven predictive analytics, have significantly improved real-time glucose management. AI and telemedicine have enhanced personalized diabetes care and patient engagement. Furthermore, regenerative medicine strategies, including β-cell replacement, CRISPR-based gene editing, and immunomodulatory therapies, hold potential for disease modification. Probiotics and microbiome-targeted therapies have demonstrated promising effects in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, while nanomedicine-based trace elements provide additional strategies to regulate insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. The future of T1D management is shifting toward precision medicine and integrated technological solutions. While these advancements present promising therapeutic avenues, challenges such as long-term efficacy, safety, accessibility, and clinical validation must be addressed. A multidisciplinary approach, combining biomedical research, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology, will be essential to translate these innovations into clinical practice, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals with T1D.
MeSH
Diabetes Mellitus, Cells, Genes, Intelligence, Nanomedicine, Insulin, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission, Telemedicine, Gene Editing, Immunotherapy, Trace Elements, Precision Medicine, Therapeutics, Artificial Intelligence, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Continuous Glucose Monitoring