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Publications

Journal Article Review Ppublish

PubMed: 40237936 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-025-01078-7

Ferroptosis in immune chaos: Unraveling its impact on disease and therapeutic potential.

J Physiol Biochem 81(2):249-272

Authors: Thanyaporn Direksunthorn, Abdulrahman T Ahmed, Nakaraj Pluetrattanabha, Subasini Uthirapathy, Suhas Ballal, Abhayveer Singh, Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty, Anita Devi, Girish Chandra Sharma, Alexey Yumashev

Affiliations

  • School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
  • College of Nursing, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq.
  • Surat Skin-Hair-Nails Clinic, Surat Thani, Thailand.
  • Pharmacy Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
  • Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
  • Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
  • Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, 31001, Anbar, Iraq.
  • Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India.
  • Department of Applied Sciences-Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering & Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
  • Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Abstract

Since its introduction in 2012, ferroptosis has garnered significant attention from researchers over the past decade. Unlike autophagy and apoptosis, ferroptosis is an atypical iron-dependent programmed cell death that falls under necrosis. It is regulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling processes, which encompass amino acid, lipid, iron, and mitochondrial metabolism. The initiation of ferroptosis occurs through iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Notably, ferroptosis exhibits a dual effect and is associated with various diseases. A significant challenge lies in managing autoimmune disorders with unknown origins that stem from the reactivation of the immune system. Two contributing factors to autoimmunity are the aberrant stimulation of cell death and the inadequate clearance of dead cells, which can expose or release intracellular components that activate the immune response. Ferroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, due to its unique morphological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics and specific relationship with cellular iron levels. Recent studies indicate that immune cells can both induce and undergo ferroptosis. To better understand how ferroptosis influences immune responses and its imbalance in disease, a molecular understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and immunity is essential. Consequently, further research is needed to develop immunotherapeutics that target ferroptosis. This review primarily focuses on the role of ferroptosis in immune-related disorders.

MeSH

Cells, Autophagy, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission, Ferroptosis, Immunity, Research, Therapeutics, Apoptosis, Cell Death

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