Journal Article Review Epublish 5 citations
PubMed: 40313573 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2025.01.005
Nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development: accelerating innovation and delivery.
Biomater Transl 6(1):55-72
Authors: Mingrui Cheng, Yawei Chai, Guangyu Rong, Changchang Xin, Lei Gu, Xujiao Zhou, Jiaxu Hong
Affiliations
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Gene Editing and Cell Therapy Key Lab for Rare Disease; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China.
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research & Cardiopulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Abstract
The key role and impact of nanotechnology in vaccine development became particularly prominent following the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019. Especially in the process of designing and optimising COVID-19 vaccines, the application of nanomaterials significantly accelerated vaccine development and efficient delivery. In this review, we categorised and evaluated conventional vaccines, including attenuated live vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and subunit vaccines, highlighting their advantages and limitations. We summarised the development history, mechanisms, and latest technologies of vaccine adjuvants, emphasising their critical role in immune responses. Furthermore, we focused on the application of nanotechnology in the vaccine field, detailing the characteristics of nanoparticle vaccines, including virus-like particles, lipid-based carriers, inorganic nanoparticles, and polymer-based carriers. We emphasised their potential advantages in enhancing vaccine stability and immunogenicity, as well as their ability to deliver vaccines and present antigens through various routes. Despite facing challenges such as low drug loading efficiency, issues with long-term storage, high costs, and difficulties in large-scale production, nano-vaccines hold promise for the future. This review underscores the pivotal role and prospects of nanotechnology in vaccine development, offering new pathways and strategies to address current and future disease challenges.
MeSH
Vaccines, Nanoparticles, Vaccines, Inactivated, Covid-19, Viruses, Nanotechnology, Vaccine Development, Nanovaccines, Lipid Nanoparticles