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Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 40333233 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13040358

Incidence of Confirmed Influenza and Pneumococcal Infections and Vaccine Uptake Among Virologically Suppressed People Living with HIV.

Vaccines (Basel) 13(4)

Authors: Edith Wolder Ejlersen, Josefine Amalie Loft, Marco Gelpi, Safura-Luise Heidari, Omid Rezahosseini, Johan Runge Poulsen, Dina Leth Møller, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Thomas Benfield, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen

Affiliations

  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
  • Department of Bacteria, Parasites, and Funghi, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Influenza and infections are common vaccine-preventable diseases to which people living with HIV (PLWH) may be more susceptible. This study aims to investigate the incidence of confirmed influenza and pneumococcal infections, and to determine the incidence rate (IR) and factors associated with vaccine uptake in a population of virologically suppressed PLWH.

METHODS

We included 1031 virologically suppressed PLWH from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study. Data on infections and vaccinations between 2015 and 2020 were collected from nationwide registries. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of confirmed influenza and pneumococcal infections and vaccine uptake were calculated, and predictors of vaccine uptake were explored using logistic regression.

RESULTS

The IR of influenza showed variation from year to year and ranged between 0 (95% CI: 0.0, 7.6) and 18.0 (95% CI: 8.2, 34.1) per 1000 person-years at risk with an overall IR of 8.4 per 1000 person-years at risk (95% CI: 5.4, 12.3). The overall IR of pneumococcal infections was 5.5 per 1000 person-years at risk (95% CI: 3.9, 7.5). Among PLWH, 53.2% were influenza-vaccinated at least once, 72.3% and 22.6% of PLWH were vaccinated at least twice and in all six seasons, respectively, while 31% had at least one pneumococcal vaccine. Previous pneumonia or bronchitis, higher body mass index, use of drugs to treat heart conditions, and longer time with HIV were independently associated with vaccine uptake.

CONCLUSIONS

We found high incidences of confirmed influenza and pneumococcal infections in virologically suppressed PLWH, but vaccine uptake was below recommendations, highlighting the need for improved vaccination counseling.

MeSH

Pneumococcal Infections, Vaccines, Incidence, Vaccination, Hiv, Influenza, Human, Infections