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Publications

Journal Article Review Epublish

PubMed: 40352291 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1560101

Insights into periodontal disease: comparative analysis of animal models.

Front Dent Med 6:1560101

Authors: Binapani Barik, Saurabh Chawla, Bhabani Sankar Satapathy, Swadesh Kumar Pattanik, J Aravind Kumar, Saleh Al-Farraj, Gurudutta Pattnaik, Mika Sillanpää

Affiliations

  • School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Khordha, Odisha, India.
  • School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Khordha, Odisha, India.
  • Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India.
  • GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India.
  • Amity School of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
  • College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a progressive condition characterized by the degradation of gingival tissues, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, often resulting in tooth loss if untreated. Its pathogenesis is influenced by bacterial infections, host immune responses, and environmental factors. While human cell cultures provide insights into cellular mechanisms, animal models play a crucial role in understanding the complex host-pathogen interactions and developing therapeutic interventions. Various species, including rodents, dogs, non-human primates, and mini-pigs, have been employed in periodontal research due to their anatomical and immunological similarities to humans. These models allow the study of disease progression, systemic effects, and potential treatments in a controlled environment. However, challenges such as anatomical differences, ethical concerns, and the difficulty of accurately replicating human periodontal disease remain. Despite these limitations, animal models are indispensable for advancing periodontal research, offering insights into disease mechanisms and contributing to the development of novel therapies. This review evaluates the strengths and limitations of several animal models used in periodontal disease studies, emphasizing the need for further refinement to enhance their relevance to human conditions.

MeSH

Cells, Bacterial Infections, Periodontal Diseases, Research, Therapeutics, Environment