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Publications

Journal Article Randomized Controlled Trial Ppublish

PubMed: 40382001 DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee.v43n1e05

Determining the impact of a self-care educational program designed based on the Peplau theory on adherence to treatment and self-care in elderly patients with diabetes.

Invest Educ Enferm 43(1)

Authors: Matin Roostaye Abkenar, Elham Imani, Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi, Neda Sadat Ahmadi, Yasin Moradi

Affiliations

  • Master's student in medical surgical nursing, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  • Associate Professor, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  • Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  • Assistant Professor, Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
  • Master's student in medical surgical nursing, Student Research Committee, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

Abstract

Objective

To examine the impact of a self-care program designed using Peplau's theory on adherence and self-care in elderly diabetic patients.

Methods

This semi-experimental study involved 102 elderly diabetic patients from a diabetes clinic in Hormoz, Iran, in 2023. Partici-pants were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=51) or the intervention group (n=51). Before and two weeks after the intervention, participants completed a demographic information questionnaire, the Modanloo Adherence to Treatment Questionnaire for Patients with Chronic Illness, and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale. The intervention group received a self-care educational program based on Peplau's therapeutic communication theory, delivered in three phases: orientation, working, and termination. The program focused on key diabetes self-care factors including diet, medica-tion adherence, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, and foot care. Educational sessions were conducted in small groups or individually in the clinic's education room. The control group received routine educational content provided by the diabetes clinic.

Results

The findings showed that the difference between the pre-post mean scores was significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group in the total self-care score, as well as in its dimensions: diet, blood sugar regulation, and foot care (p<0.001). On the other hand, in terms of adherence, no significant difference was observed in the mean difference between groups for the total score (p=0.307), although a statistical difference was found in the dimensions of willingness to participate in treatment (p=0.035) and ability to adapt (p<0.001).

Conclusion

The self-care educational program based on Peplau's theory improved the self-care and two dimensions of the adherence: willingness to participate in treatment and ability to adapt in diabetic patients.

MeSH

Diabetes Mellitus, Education, Nursing, Blood Glucose, Blood, Treatment Adherence And Compliance, Foot, Sugars, Self Care, Diet, Aged, Therapeutics, Education, Nursing Research