Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40429958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104818
Microbiome Markers in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Colorectal Cancer, and Celiac Disease.
Int J Mol Sci 26(10)
Authors: M Isabel San-Martin, Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia, África Sanchiz, Miguel Ángel Ferrero, Honorina Martínez-Blanco, Leandro Benito Rodríguez-Aparicio, Nicolás Navasa
Affiliations
- Area Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain. Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain.
- Area Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain.
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and the host's immune system form a symbiotic alliance that sustains normal development and function in the human gut. Changes such as dietary habits among societies in developed countries have led to the development of unbalanced microbial populations in the gut, likely contributing to the dramatic increase in inflammatory diseases in the last few decades. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have tremendously helped to characterize the microbiome associated with disease, both in identifying global alterations and discovering specific biomarkers that potentially contribute to disease pathogenesis, as evidenced by animal studies. Beyond bacterial alterations, non-bacterial components such as fungi, viruses, and microbial metabolites have been implicated in these diseases, influencing immune responses and gut homeostasis. Multi-omics approaches integrating metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics offer a more comprehensive understanding of the microbiome's role in disease pathogenesis, paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Unraveling the metagenomic profiles associated with disease may facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention, as well as the development of more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes recent and relevant microbiome research studies aimed at characterizing the microbial signatures associated with inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and celiac disease.
MeSH
Neoplasms, Biomarkers, Metagenomics, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Therapeutics, Colorectal Neoplasms, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Microbiota, Celiac Disease