Journal Article Ppublish
PubMed: 40432512 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2025.2509506
Neutralizing antibody levels as a key factor in determining the immunogenic efficacy of the novel PEDV alpha coronavirus vaccine.
Vet Q 45(1):1-20
Authors: Guangli Hu, Xin Luo, Jiamin Liao, Chuangchao Zou, Yihui Huang, Rui Geng, Zhiqing Zhao, Hanqin Shen, Yongchang Cao, Ouyang Peng, Hao Zhang
Affiliations
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen's Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd, Yunfu, China.
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes significant global agricultural losses. Despite commercial inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, persistent outbreaks underscore the need for more effective solutions. Here, we isolated a novel Chinese PEDV variant, PEDV ShXXY2-2023, with amino acid substitutions in key neutralizing epitopes (N-terminal domain, receptor-binding domain, and CO-26K equivalent epitope) compared to vaccine strains. An inactivated ShXXY2-2023 vaccine induced higher neutralizing antibodies and superior cross-protection versus commercial vaccines. Vaccinated sows conferred enhanced protection to offspring, improving piglet survival post-challenge. Maternal serum neutralizing antibody titers correlated strongly with piglet survival; titers of 1:377-1:774 at one week prepartum yielded >80% protective efficacy. These findings emphasize neutralizing antibodies' critical role in PEDV prevention and position ShXXY2-2023 as a promising vaccine candidate, with broader implications for coronavirus vaccine development.
MeSH
Coronavirus, Epitopes, Vaccines, Antibodies, Veterinary Medicine, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Viruses