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Publications

Journal Article Review Epublish

PubMed: 40442839 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-025-00670-3

Exploring neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of immune regulation and future therapeutic potential.

Exp Hematol Oncol 14(1):80

Authors: Fan Gao, Hongwei Peng, Ruixue Gou, Yulan Zhou, Simei Ren, Fei Li

Affiliations

  • Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
  • Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
  • Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China. Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
  • National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
  • Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematological Diseases, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China. Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.

Abstract

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are complex, web-like structures consisting of DNA intertwined with antimicrobial proteins, which neutrophils release upon immune activation. These structures play a crucial role in pathogen elimination, particularly in infectious diseases. However, their involvement in various pathological conditions is multifaceted and context-dependent, while NETs contribute to host defense against infections, they can also exacerbate sterile inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and tumor progression. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms governing NET formation and examines their interactions with immune cells, emphasizing how these interactions shape immune responses and drive disease dynamics. Furthermore, it explores ongoing clinical trials and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting NETs, offering critical insights into their potential translational applications in clinical practice.

MeSH

Neutrophils, Therapeutics, Extracellular Traps