Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40455379 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-025-00888-3
A review on techno-economic assessment of Spirulina for sustainable nutraceutical, medicinal, environmental, and bioenergy applications.
Bioresour Bioprocess 12(1):51
Authors: Musa Nasiru Musa, Ghazali Musa Jirgi, Zakariyya Uba Zango, Marnawi Nasiru Isah, Muhammad Abdurrazak, Adamu Ahmad Adamu, Ismael A Wadi, Adekunle Akanni Adeleke, Zaharaddeen N Garba, Usman Bello, Haruna Adamu, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria.
- Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria.
- Department of Physics, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Science and Information Technology, Skyline University Nigeria, Zaria Road Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiotherapy, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, PMB 3452, Kano, Nigeria.
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Basic Science Unit, Alkharj 16278, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810107, Nigeria.
- Biofuel and Biochemical Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gubi Campus, Bauchi, 740102, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gubi Campus, Bauchi, 740102, Nigeria.
- Department of Environmental Management Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa Campus, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
- Research and Innovation Cell, Rayat Bahra University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
- Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St. Bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky Pr. Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation.
Abstract
Global population growth underlies the need to explore alternative materials to address pressing challenges in food security, medicine, energy, and environmental pollution. Spirulina is a nutrient dense cyanobacteria that offers promising solutions to the aforementioned challenges, mainly due to its rich composition of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as β-carotene and phycocyanin. These compounds confer various health benefits, including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, which make Spirulina a valuable dietary and therapeutic supplement. Essential fatty acids and its rapid growth rate also makes Spirulina a potential source of biodiesel for energy related applications. Additionally, Spirulina's high porosity and variable functional groups endow it with remarkable biosorption properties for soil and wastewater remediation applications. The chemical structure and unique properties of Spirulina have been utilized to produce biotemplates for nanomaterials as well as the fabrication of functional composites for various applications. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the broad potentials of Spirulina in diverse applications, emphasizing its eco-friendliness, economic viability, challenges, and the prospects of its biomass for sustainable, nutraceutical, therapeutic, energy related, and environmental applications.
MeSH
Spirulina, Growth, Food, Environmental Pollution, Therapeutics