Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40563333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14060701
Antioxidant Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome.
Antioxidants (Basel) 14(6)
Authors: Juan Guerrero-Mauvecin, Natalia Villar-Gómez, Lucia Miño-Izquierdo, Adrián Povo-Retana, Adrian M Ramos, Gema Ruiz-Hurtado, Maria D Sanchez-Niño, Alberto Ortiz, Ana B Sanz
Affiliations
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Enfermedades Metabólicas e Inmunitarias, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale", 28029 Madrid, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovaculares CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory, Imas12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Nefrología Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain. RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Instituto Reina Sofía en Investigación en Nefrología, 28003 Madrid, Spain. Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
The cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome was recently conceptualized to provide a holistic framework for diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of key age-associated interrelated conditions: overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This conceptualization resulted from epidemiological associations, advances in our understanding of shared and interrelated pathogenic mechanisms, and observations that several drug families improved outcomes in all three components of CKM. Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) enhance all CKM spectrum components, although their efficacy varies against specific components. However, the modified mechanisms by these drugs beyond glycemic control in CKM syndrome are poorly understood. We now deeply review the available literature regarding the impact of SGLT2i on oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in preclinical and clinical studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and CKM syndrome. Evidence suggests that SGLT2i may have a secondary antioxidant effect that reduces the vicious cycle of tissue injury-inflammation-tissue injury, even in organs distant from the primary injury.
MeSH
Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Diseases, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Cardiovascular Diseases, Kidney, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, Therapeutics, Tissues, Acute Kidney Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2