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Journal Article Ppublish 2 citations

PubMed: 40578114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109612

Dietary patterns and exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy.

Environ Int 202:109612

Authors: Sarah Warkentin, Sandra Márquez, Hana Vespalcová, Bethany Knox, Mireia Gascon, Nuria Güil-Oumrait, Sandra González-Palacios, Maria Dolores Gomez Roig, Camille Lassale, Elisa Llurba, Matthieu Rolland, Amrit K Sakhi, Cathrine Thomsen, Jesús Vioque, Mariona Bustamante, Jordi Sunyer, Martine Vrijheid

Affiliations

  • ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
  • ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
  • ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca de la Catalunya Central, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Manresa, Spain.
  • Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universidad Miguel Hernández, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (UMH-ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
  • Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
  • ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research - Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
  • Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Developmental Origin Network (RICORS), RD21/0012/0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
  • University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
  • Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
  • ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Exposure to non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is widespread, causing various adverse health effects, especially during pregnancy. Diet is a major source of EDCs and the identification of dietary patterns that give rise to higher exposure levels is crucial. We aimed to explore the relationship between dietary patterns during pregnancy and exposure to non-persistent EDCs.

METHODS

We included 640 pregnant women from the Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC), Spain. Using food frequency questionnaires (2nd trimester), we estimated ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption and Mediterranean diet adherence, and derived data-driven dietary patterns. Metabolites of phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid di(isononyl) ester (DINCH), chlorpyrifos and pyrethroid, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, including phenanthrenes), and organophosphates, and parent compounds of phenols and parabens were measured in weekly urine pools (3rd trimester). Associations between dietary patterns and EDCs were evaluated through multivariable linear regressions.

RESULTS

Higher compliance with a "Vegetarian" pattern or the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower levels of some of the phthalate metabolites (e.g., di-iso-nonyl phthalates [Geometric mean ratio (GMR) per unit increases in the "Vegetarian" score = 0.97, 95 %CI 0.95, 1.00]). Conversely, "Western" and "Animal protein" patterns, and UPF intake were associated with higher PAHs (e.g., "Western" and 2-Hydroxynaphthalene [GMR(95 %CI) 1.07(1.01, 1.13)]), pesticides (e.g., "Animal protein" and 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid [1.15(1.01, 1.32]), and phthalates metabolites levels (e.g., UPF and Monoethyl phthalate [1.05(1.01, 1.09)]). No association remained significant after correcting for multiple testing.

CONCLUSIONS

Following a plant-based diet may help reduce the exposure to certain phthalate and organophosphate metabolites, whereas higher consumption of foods from animal origin and high in fat/sugar/salt may increase exposure to PAHs, pesticides, and phthalates metabolites in pregnancy.

MeSH

Pregnancy, Organophosphates, Endocrine Disruptors, Pesticides, Diet, Food, Environmental Health, Esters, Dietary Patterns