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Publications

Journal Article Review Epublish

PubMed: 40599824 DOI: 10.1155/av/7990876

The Possible Mechanistic Basis of Individual Susceptibility to Spike Protein Injury.

Adv Virol 2025:7990876

Authors: Matthew Halma, Paola Vottero, James Thorp, Tina Peers, Jack Tuszynski, Paul Marik

Affiliations

  • Independent Medical Alliance, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
  • Open Source Medicine Foundation OÃœ, Tallinn, Estonia.
  • Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
  • Division of Maternal and Prenatal Health, The Wellness Company, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
  • The Menopause Consultancy, Betchworth, Surrey, UK.

Abstract

Injury from spike protein, whether induced by COVID-19 infection or vaccination, constitutes a significant health concern for numerous individuals. Considerable heterogeneity exists in individual responses to both COVID-19 infection and vaccination, despite the latter being principally more controlled and consistent than the wide variety of infection circumstances. This review explores the possible mechanisms by which the spike protein contributes to cellular and systemic damage, highlighting the importance of understanding these processes for developing effective diagnostics and treatments.

MeSH

Vaccines, Vaccination, Infections