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Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 40607062 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2025.1607583

Comprehensive clinical and metabolomics profiling of COVID-19 Mexican patients across three epidemiological waves.

Front Mol Biosci 12:1607583

Authors: David Alejandro García-López, Joel Monárrez-Espino, Juan Carlos Borrego-Moreno, Jiamin Zheng, Rupasri Mandal, Claudia Torres-Calzada, Juan José Oropeza-Valdez, Alanne Tenório Nunes, Sergio Hugo Sánchez Rodríguez, Jesús Adrián López, Blanca Estela Calzada Rodríguez, David S Wishart, Yamilé López-Hernández

Affiliations

  • Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Academic Unit for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
  • Departamento de investigación en salud, Hospital Christus Muguerza Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.
  • Departmento de Epidemiología, Hospital General de Zona #1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Mexico.
  • Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
  • Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
  • Cell Biology and Neurobiology Laboratory, Academic Unit for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.
  • MicroRNAs and Cancer Laboratory, Academic Unit for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico.

Abstract

Introduction

As of mid-2024, COVID-19 has affected over 676 million people worldwide, leading to more than 6.8 million deaths. Numerous studies have documented metabolic changes occurring during both the acute phase of the disease and the recovery phase, which, in some cases, contribute to the development of long COVID syndrome.

Aims and methods

In this study, we aimed to evaluate clinical, laboratory, and comprehensive metabolomic data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the second, third and fourth waves (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron). A targeted, fully quantitative metabolomics assay (TMIC MEGA Assay) was used to measure 529 metabolites and lipids in plasma samples. The metabolomic profiles of these patients were compared according to different and relevant factors impacting COVID-19 outcome, such as age, sex, comorbidities, and vaccination status.

Results

Among the 21 classes of compounds evaluated in this study, amino acids and lipids were the most dysregulated when comparing age, sex, comorbidities, vaccination status, and the different epidemiological waves. This is the most comprehensive analysis in Mexico providing absolute quantitative data for 529 metabolites and lipids measured in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which could be used to monitor their metabolic status and clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection or with long COVID syndrome.

MeSH

Comorbidity, Vaccines, Biomarkers, Vaccination, Covid-19, Metabolomics, Sex