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Journal Article Epublish 9 citations

PubMed: 40688765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2025.101166

Characterisation of the respiratory syncytial virus seasonality and its environmental factors in the Americas-a multi-country observational study using routine surveillance networks.

Lancet Reg Health Am 48:101166

Authors: Paula Couto, Harry Campbell, You Li, Marc Rondy, Juliana Leite, Angel Rodriguez, Andrea Vicari, Harish Nair

Affiliations

  • Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
  • Department of Public Health Emergencies, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK. Department of Epidemiology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Abstract

Background

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. Circulation patterns represent challenges for immunoprophylaxis, requiring tailored interventions to address RSV activity linked to climate. We assessed RSV seasonality across the Americas and its relation to environmental factors and influenza circulation.

Methods

RSV seasonality was assessed using data reported in 2010-2019 to a multi-country respiratory surveillance network. Time-series analysis identified temporal patterns and trends. Negative binomial, Moving Epidemics Method, and WHO Moving Averages Models were compared to assess seasonality. Correlation and regression were used for associations of RSV with environmental and influenza predictors.

Findings

During 2010-2019, 32 countries in the Americas reported 14,308,503 respiratory samples, with 446,648 RSV-positive (3.12%) samples. RSV seasonal epidemics progressed from south to north. In South America, RSV seasons began in early May, peaking in August. RSV seasonality was less distinct in Caribbean; RSV started in September and peaked in October-November. Central Americas' RSV season lagged behind influenza, whereas in the Andes, it peaked earlier. At higher latitudes, RSV epidemics occurred earlier with shorter durations. RSV circulation negatively correlated with lower temperatures (-0.43; p < 0.0001), and precipitation (-0.04; p = 0.0035); and was positively correlated with decreased longitude (0.12; p < 0.0001) and barometric pressure (0.15; p < 0.0001), and was associated with lower elevation (0.02; p = 0.10), and westerly locations (0.12; p < 0.0001).

Interpretation

Subregional and interannual variations in RSV seasonality were influenced by environmental factors, underscoring the importance of ongoing surveillance. Collaborative efforts improve surveillance, shaping evidence-based strategies for preventive product introductions and effective RSV control.

Funding

The publication of this work was supported by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through a cooperative agreement with the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization.

MeSH

Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Multiple Chronic Conditions, Influenza, Human, Work, Viruses, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, U.S., Epidemics