Journal Article Review Ppublish
PubMed: 40707012 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2535787
Natural carrier systems in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother 21(1):2535787
Authors: Iman Owliaee, Mohammad Shoushtari, Zhina Karimi, Ali Shojaeian
Affiliations
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cancer, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Abstract
Cancer, marked by uncontrolled cell growth, is a leading global cause of death. Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, for all their use, often come with severe side effects. This has really pushed the development of immunotherapies and cancer vaccines, which try to leverage the body's immune system to fight tumors. Effective delivery of therapeutic agents to immune cells or tumors is critical, and natural carriers such as exosomes, archaeosomes, virosomes, and dendritic cells offer promising solutions. These systems excel in biocompatibility, low toxicity, and immune activation compared to synthetic alternatives. This review examines their role in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy, highlighting challenges like production consistency and tumor heterogeneity. Future directions include personalized vaccines and combination therapies, advancing these natural carriers in the fight against cancer.
MeSH
Cells, Vaccines, Virosomes, Neoplasms, Immunotherapy, Exosomes, Therapeutics, Cancer Vaccines