Journal Article Epublish
PubMed: 40711048 DOI: 10.3390/toxics13070604
Evaluating Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress in Germinating Wheat Seeds Using Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and EPR Techniques.
Toxics 13(7)
Authors: Mioara Petrus, Cristina Popa, Ana-Maria Bratu, Alexandra Camelia Joita, Vasile Bercu
Affiliations
- National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409 Atomistilor St. P.O. Box MG 36, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania.
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405, Atomistilor Str. 077125 Magurele, Romania.
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient for plants, but excessive levels can induce toxicity and impair physiological functions. This study evaluates the toxic effects of copper sulfate (CuSO 4) on the germination of common wheat (Triticum aestivum), with emphasis on the gas emission dynamics and oxidative stress biomarkers. Seeds were germinated in agar and exposed to CuSO 4 at concentrations of 1 µM, 100 µM, 1 mM, and 10 mM; distilled water served as the control. Ethylene and ammonia emissions were quantified using CO 2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, while electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was employed to detect free radicals and Cu 2+ complexes. Exposure to Cu concentrations ≥ 1 mM significantly inhibited germination and biomass accumulation. Enhanced ethylene and ammonia emissions, particularly at 10 mM, indicated stress-related metabolic responses. The EPR spectra confirmed the presence of semiquinone radicals and Cu 2+ complexes under higher Cu levels. These results demonstrate that photoacoustic and EPR techniques are effective tools for the early detection of metal-induced phytotoxicity and offer a non-invasive approach to environmental toxicity screening and plant stress assessment.
MeSH
Stress, Physiological, Oxidative Stress, Seeds, Lasers, Germination, Free Radicals