Journal Article Review Epublish 4 citations
PubMed: 40724612 DOI: 10.3390/life15071109
DNA Methylation: A Key Regulator in Male and Female Reproductive Outcomes.
Life (Basel) 15(7)
Authors: Adedeji O Adetunji, Henrietta Owusu, Esiosa F Adewale, Precious Adedayo Adesina, Christian Xedzro, Tolulope Peter Saliu, Shahidul Islam, Zhendong Zhu, Olanrewaju B Morenikeji
Affiliations
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division for Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20850, USA.
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, PA 16701, USA.
Abstract
DNA methylation is a well-studied epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, maintains genome integrity, and influences cell fate. It is strictly regulated by a group of enzymes known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Most DNA methylation occurs at cytosines within symmetrical CpG dinucleotide base pairs, often located at gene promoters or other regulatory elements. Thus, methylation of a promoter CpG island leads to stable transcriptional repression of the associated gene. Nonetheless, abnormal gene expression caused by alterations in DNA methylation has been linked to infertility in both males and females, as well as to reproductive potential and improper post-fertilization embryo development. Recent epigenetic advancements have highlighted the significant association between epigenetic modification and reproductive health outcomes, garnering considerable attention. In this review, we explore significant advancements in understanding DNA methylation, emphasizing its establishment, maintenance, and functions in male and female reproductive sex cells. We also shed light on the recent discoveries on the influence of environmental exposures, nutrition, infection, stress, and lifestyle choices on DNA methylation. Finally, we discuss the latest insights and future directions concerning the diverse functions of DNA methylation in reproductive outcomes.
MeSH
Cells, Genes, Life Style, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Stress, Physiological, Reproductive Health, Dna Methylation, Obesity, Steroids, Dna, Infections, Gene Expression