Journal Article Review Epublish
PubMed: 40725021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26146775
Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Distinct Paths Toward Precision Glioma Treatment.
Int J Mol Sci 26(14)
Authors: Wiktoria Fraczek, Maciej Szmidt, Kacper Kregielewski, Marta Grodzik
Affiliations
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Morphologic Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and therapy-resistant glioma subtype, remains an urgent clinical challenge due to its invasive nature, molecular heterogeneity, and the protective constraints of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Liposomes and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as two of the most promising nanocarrier systems capable of overcoming these limitations through improved drug delivery and cellular targeting. Their applications in glioma therapy span chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, each presenting distinct advantages and mechanisms of action. Liposomes offer structural flexibility, controlled release, and a well-established clinical framework, while EVs provide innate biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and the ability to mimic natural intercellular communication. Both systems demonstrate the capacity to traverse the BBB and selectively accumulate in tumor tissue, yet they differ in scalability, cargo loading efficiency, and translational readiness. Comparative evaluation of their functions across therapeutic modalities reveals complementary strengths that may be leveraged in the development of more effective, targeted strategies for glioma treatment.
MeSH
Genes, Extracellular Vesicles, Glioma, Liposomes, Drug Therapy, Immunotherapy, Exosomes, Glioblastoma, Therapeutics, Chemotherapy