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Publications

Journal Article Ppublish

PubMed: 40746303 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2025.2540020

Integrating systemic inflammation and liver biomarkers: prognostic implications of the ferritin index in heart failure.

Ann Med 57(1):2540020

Authors: Ching-Hui Huang, Chew-Teng Kor, Chia-Chu Chang

Affiliations

  • Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan. Department of Mathematics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan. Department of Beauty Science and Graduate Institute of Beauty Science Technology, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan.
  • Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
  • Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
  • Graduate Institute of Statistics and Information Science, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan.
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
  • Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized as a multisystem syndrome involving systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in addition to cardiac and hepatic impairment. Traditional liver fibrosis scores, such as the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, focus solely on hepatic injury and may underestimate the broader systemic burden. The ferritin index, which adjusts serum ferritin for age and sex, may better reflect inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation, including features of metabolic hyperferritinaemia. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the ferritin index versus the FIB-4 score in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with HF.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 751 HF patients from the Changhua Christian Hospital Clinical Research Database, spanning all ejection fraction categories. Cox regression models were used to assess associations between MACE and tertiles of ferritin index and FIB-4 score, with adjustments for baseline characteristics.

RESULTS

Patients in the highest ferritin index tertile had significantly increased MACE risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.92; p = 0.003). This association remained robust in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The FIB-4 score was not significantly associated with MACE. Subgroup analysis showed stronger associations in patients aged ≥70 years, with higher BMI (≥24 kg/m 2), reduced EF, low FIB-4 (<1.45), and abnormal hemoglobin or iron levels.

CONCLUSION

The ferritin index outperforms the FIB-4 score in predicting MACE in HF patients. By integrating systemic inflammatory and metabolic signals, it improves risk stratification, especially in those with features of metabolic hyperferritinaemia.

MeSH

Fibrosis, Heart Failure, Heart, Liver, Biomarkers, Ferritins