Journal Article Review Ppublish 1 citation
PubMed: 40759382 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199612
Lesser-known non-apoptotic programmed cell death in viral infections.
Virus Res 359:199612
Authors: Jiajun Wu, Xiaohan Qian, Shi Bai, Lijuan Wu, Xian Zhao
Affiliations
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China.
Abstract
Non-apoptotic programmed cell death (NAPCD) represents a diverse set of cell death mechanisms that differ from classical apoptosis and have recently gained attention in the context of viral infections. This review focuses on four key NAPCD types, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, NETosis (neutrophil extracellular trap formation), and PANoptosis (a combination of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis), and summarizes their distinct molecular pathways and roles during viral infections. We emphasize their functional relevance in SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing how they significantly impact viral replication, host immune responses, and tissue damage. Furthermore, we explore the interaction between NAPCDs and specific immune responses. Specifically, ferroptosis influences macrophage polarization. Cuproptosis activates innate immunity via the cGAS-STING pathway. NETosis contributes to Th17 responses, and PANoptosis interacts with Th1, Th22, and Thαβ pathways. Understanding the interplay among these cell death pathways provides new insights into host-virus dynamics and uncovers potential therapeutic targets for viral diseases.
MeSH
Cells, Virology, Ferroptosis, Immunity, Apoptosis, Cell Death, Infections, Virus Diseases